![]() ![]() The non-selective ß-adrenergic receptor (ßAR) antagonist (ß-blocker) propranolol is a commonly administered drug with promising antineoplastic properties. However, much remains unknown about trial feasibility and efficacy of repurposed drugs in a cancer context. Repurposing existing medications for cancer provides a rational, evidence-based, and cost-effective approach to contribute solutions to these challenges studying new indications for old drugs is far less expensive than developing new drugs, and many of these drugs are available as low cost generics. A variety of existing drugs used to treat non-cancer conditions may be efficacious in the treatment of cancer. Emerging evidence suggests a biologically heterogeneous cancer milieu, necessitating the need for combination treatments. Though current promising immunotherapy trials are in process, it remains unknown whether or how these treatments might be limited by adverse effects. ![]() Despite advances in targeted immunotherapies in cancer, these agents have had modest impact on event-free and overall survival. In 2013, $91 billion was spent on oncology drugs alone, with the median cost of cancer drugs growing from <$100 to ~$10,000 per month over the last 20–30 years. The rising cost of pharmacological advancements in cancer therapeutics is unlikely to be sustainable with current healthcare budgets. ![]()
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